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	<title type="html"><![CDATA[世间已无理想乡 — 孔乙己脱不下的长衫，外媒如何报道？]]></title>
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	<updated>2024-01-09T05:35:30Z</updated>
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			<title type="html"><![CDATA[孔乙己脱不下的长衫，外媒如何报道？]]></title>
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			<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Chinese Buzzword ‘Kong Yiji Mindset’ Sparks Debate Among College Grads<br />中国流行热词“孔乙己心态”引发中国大学毕业生热议</p><p>1️⃣ buzz [bʌz] 作名词，本来指蜜蜂「嗡嗡声」，现在常用来喻指网络上的「热议」。buzzword 指「流行语，网络热词」。近几年流行的躺平、内卷、凡尔赛文学等都属于buzzword。<br />2️⃣ spark [spɑːrk] 作名词，是「火花」的意思，作动词，喻指「激起，引发，触发」近义词还有prompt, trigger, provoke等等。spark (a) debate 便指「引发争议」。<br />3️⃣ college grads 是college graduates的简写，指「大学毕业生」。而new graduates 新毕业生，也就是我们常说「应届毕业生」，简称NG。</p><p>Chinese netizens are <span class="bbu">passionately</span> discussing the ‘Kong Yiji mindset,’ a term <span class="bbu">inspired</span> by an influential figure in modern Chinese literature and used to refer to college graduates who consider themselves above manual labor. <br />中国网民正就“孔乙己心态”展开热烈讨论，该词源于中国现代文学中的经典人物形象，如今被大学毕业生用来自嘲弯不下腰从事体力劳动。<br />1️⃣ term 这里为名词，指「词汇，术语」。「内卷」、「躺平」这样的词，都叫作term。<br />2️⃣ <span class="bbu">mindset 为可数名词，指「思维方式，观念模式」</span>(a person&#039;s way of thinking and their opinions)。<br />3️⃣ figure 为可数名词，这里是「人物」的意思。比如：public figures 公众人物。<br />文中an influential figure in modern Chinese literature 即「当代中国文学史上有影响力的人物」。<br />4️⃣ refer to sb / sth 指「提到，谈及」(to mention or speak about sb / sth)，常译为「指...」。<br />5️⃣ manual 为形容词，表示「体力的」。<span class="bbu">manual labour / work 指「体力劳动」。反义词为mental labour / work 指「脑力劳动」。</span></p><p>In Lu Xun’s story, Kong Yiji is a self-important scholar who gets his legs broken after stealing books. Both ridiculous and tragic, Kong has a futile fixation on the past.<br />在鲁迅的小说中，孔乙己是个自视甚高的书生，去偷书还被打断了腿。他既可笑又可悲，无济于事地执着于过去。<br />1️⃣ self-important 为形容词，字面义为「自以为重要的」，形容「妄自尊大的，自负的，高傲的」(behaving in a way that shows you think you are more important than other people)，是个贬义词。<br />比如：He was self-important, vain and ignorant. 他傲慢自负，虚荣无知。<br />3️⃣ ridiculous [rɪˈdɪkjʊləs]&nbsp; 为形容词，表示「愚蠢的，荒唐的，可笑的」(very silly or unreasonable)。<br />3️⃣ tragic 为形容词，来自名词tragedy（悲剧），表示「悲剧的，悲惨的，不幸的」<br />4️⃣ <span class="bbu">futile [ˈfjuːtaɪl] 为形容词，表示「无用的，徒劳的」(actions that are futile are useless because they have no chance of being successful)，相当于pointless, useless。</span><br />比如：My efforts to go back to sleep proved futile.我努力想再次入睡，但怎么也睡不着。<br />5️⃣ fixation [fɪkˈseɪʃən] 为可数名词，指「痴迷，依恋，执念」(a very strong interest in sb/sth, that is not normal or natural)，相当于obsession。<br /><span class="bbu">have a fixation on / with sb / sth 表示「对…有执念」。</span>文中have a fixation on the past 便指「对过去有执念」。<br /><span class="bbu">be fixated on sb / sth 为形容词短语，指「对...异常依恋，对...过分沉溺」</span>(always thinking and talking about sb / sth in a way that is not normal)。<br />Why does everyone keep fixating on that ?</p><p>Set a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the story starts with him being ridiculed by the working-class customers in the tavern he frequents for continuing to wear his long scholar’s gown, even though he never passed the imperial exam that could have landed him a decent job back in the feudal days.<br />小说的背景是清朝覆灭的几年后，一开场，孔乙己就在常光顾的酒馆里，因一直穿着长衫受到做工短衣帮的嘲笑奚落。即使他一直没能考上秀才，没能在封建时代谋得一份体面的工作，他那件长衫也一直没有脱下。<br />1️⃣ be set ... 指「以...为背景」，常用于引出电影、故事的背景。<br />这里Set a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty是过去分词短语作句子的伴随状语，指「背景是清朝灭亡的几年后」，其逻辑主语与句子主保持一致，为the story，如果我们把这部分单独写成一个句子，那就是：<br />The story // is set // a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.<br />2️⃣ ridicule [ˈrɪd.ə.kjuːl] 作动词，表示「嘲笑，奚落，戏弄」<br />ridicule 也可作不可数名词，指「嘲笑，奚落，讥笑」<br />3️⃣ tavern [ˈtævən] 为可数名词，指「酒馆，酒吧」<br />4️⃣ frequent 作动词，指「常去，常到」<br />比如：I hear he frequents Haidilao in that street. 我听说他经常去吃那条街上的海底捞。[熟词僻义]<br />5️⃣ gown 这里便指「长衫」。新娘的礼服，毕业典礼上穿的学士服，都可以叫作gown。<br />6️⃣ the imperial exam 这里指「科举考试」。imperial 为形容词，指「帝国的，皇帝的」。<br />7️⃣ land sth 表示「得到…」land a job 获奖：land a prize。<br />land sb sth 表示「给某人弄到…」。<br />9️⃣ feudal [ˈfjuːdl] 为形容词，指「封建制度的」(relating to feudalism)。</p><p>As The Paper, a Chinese media company based in Shanghai, writes, “[Kong Yiji] would rather steal than do what he considers a menial job just to make money… [This is relatable] in the eyes of some, [who think] their academic qualifications didn’t lead to the job they wanted or deserved.”<br />总部位于上海的中国媒体公司澎湃新闻就此评论道，“（孔乙己）宁愿偷东西也不愿为了赚钱去做他眼中的低贱工作……在一些人眼中（这是能理解的），他们的学历并没有让他们获得想要或应得的工作”。<br />1️⃣ menial [ˈmiːniəl] 作形容词，指「枯燥的，无需技术的，不重要的」(menial work is boring, needs no skill, and is not important)。<span class="bbu">menial jobs 便指「琐碎的工作」。<br /></span><br />2️⃣ <span class="bbu">relate 为动词，表示「认同，能够理解，有共鸣」</span><br />在外国论坛Reddit上看到这个词，当楼主讲述完自己的经历，很多网友都会跟帖说：I can relate. 我能理解。<br />relatable 为其形容词形式，表示「能引发共鸣的」。<br />除了relate to sb / sth ，我们还可以说：sympathize with, feel sympathy with, feel for, identify with。<br />shed / cast / throw light on sth 字面义是「把光照在…上」，喻指「让人们了解…，使…更容易理解」<br />我们在《狂飙》为什么爆火？| 外媒说里讲过这个词：<br />(A) Chinese TV Drama Sheds Light on Anti-Corruption 一部中国电视剧揭示反腐斗争<br />plight 为单数名词，指「困境」(a difficult and sad situation)，比如：<br />经济困境：the economic plight<br />财政困境：the financial plight。<br />3️⃣ in the eyes of sb 指「在某人眼里，在某人看来」。<br /><span class="bbu">4️⃣ academic qualifications 表示「学历」。</span></p><p>The related term, ‘Kong Yiji mindset,’ refers to those who see Kong in themselves as they face the pressures of a job market that can’t keep up with the record-breaking number of college graduates.<br />这一热词“孔乙己心态”反映了当代大学毕业生与孔乙己的共鸣。当前，求职者数量创历史新高，但就业市场却未能做出调整，毕业生备受就业压力，在自己身上看到了孔乙己的影子。</p><p>Last year, less than half of college students set to graduate in 2022 had received job offers by mid-April; meanwhile, the unemployment rate for all youths aged 16-24 last summer was a staggering 19.9%.<br />去年，在4月中旬前找到工作的2022届毕业生不到半数，而就在去年夏天，16-24岁青年群体的失业率达到惊人的19.9%。<br />1️⃣ be set to do sth 表示「很可能会...，准备好...」(likely to do sth; ready for sth or to do sth)。<br />文中set to graduate 是一个形容词短语作后置定语修饰college students，我们可以将其改写成一个定语从句：<br />college students set to graduate in 2022<br />= college student who were set to graduate in 2022 <br />指「预计2022年毕业的大学生」。<br />4️⃣ staggering [ˈstæɡərɪŋ] 为形容词，指「惊人的，令人震惊的」(very shocking and surprising)。<br />staggering 还常用于形容数字，a staggering + 数字表示「高达...」，说明数字高的惊人。<br /><em>a+adj.+数字是英文里非常高频的表达，adj.用来形容数字的高低，用起来简洁又利落， 用在作文里很加分。<br />常⻅的有：a staggering +数字，a whopping +数字形容数字之大。<br />a mere +数字 形容数字之小</em></p>]]></content>
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			<updated>2024-01-09T05:35:30Z</updated>
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