为什么一些人声称伊斯兰教不可能进行和基督教一样的宗教改革？

Why do some people claim that Islam can't be reformed the same way Christianity was?

答主：Nadhiya Athaide, Iranian Historian & Curator

Because these are two entirely different religions with entirely different circumstances.
因为这是两个完全不同的宗教，有着完全不同的客观条件。

The Christian reformation was based on internal theological disputes & quite a bit of politics. And contrary to common misconception, Martin Luther did not begin the “reformation”. Martin Luther’s 95 theses were only a culmination of centuries of theological debate that ultimately ended with the emergence of “Protestantism”.
基督教宗教改革的基础是内部的神学争论和 相当大的政治因素。与大众的错误印象相反，马丁·路德并未开启“宗教改革”。马丁·路德的95条论纲仅仅是几个世纪以来神学争论的高潮，它最终以“新教”的出现宣告终结。

Islam on the other hand has already had their defacto “Reformation” with the emergence of its 2 main sects (Sunnis & the Shias) after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 A.D. Discluding the Sunni-Shia division, there are no major internal theological disputes that would warrant a “Reformation” or the creation of a 3rd sect. Islam’s biggest global problems today tend to be with Non-Muslims rather then other Muslims.
另一方面，伊斯兰教事实上在先知穆罕默德于公元632年去世后就已经完成了他们实际上的“宗教改革”，出现了伊斯兰教逊尼派和什叶派两个主要的宗派。除去逊尼派与什叶派的分歧不论，伊斯兰教内部已经没有主要的神学争论，能够将“改革”建立第三宗派的行为正当化。今天伊斯兰教在全球最大的问题主要表现在与非穆斯林的关系上，而不是与其他宗派穆斯林的关系上。

Infact, if anything, the closest thing to a “Reformation” in Islam in the modern era has been the growth of Wahabbism/Salafism. Salafis believe in returning Islam to its “pure & original state”. They’re highly conservative & follow strict interpretations of Sharia & the Quran. And while Salafism has gained many followers, it's far from being considered mainstream and is often criticized by other Muslims.
实际上，如果说有的话，瓦哈比派和萨拉菲派的的成长是现代伊斯兰教最接近“宗教改革”的东西。萨拉菲信徒认为必须让伊斯兰教重回“纯洁和原始的状态”。他们极度保守，且遵从伊斯兰教法及古兰经的严格解释。不过虽然萨拉菲派已经获得许多追随者，它距离成为主流伊斯兰教还很遥远，而且经常受到其他穆斯林的批评。

It also depends on what exactly you mean by a “Reformation”. My first question to you would be
一切还取决于你究竟认为什么才是“宗教改革”。我对你的第一个问题是：

“What kind of reformation are you looking for”?
“你寻求的是什么样的改革”？

And if I’m assuming correctly that you want a sort of “Islamic reformation” that would bring the Muslim world in line with the Western world, I can tell you that it’s a pipedream that’ll never happen.
如果我的假设是正确的，你想要的是一种能让穆斯林世界和西方世界站在一起的“伊斯兰宗教改革”，对此我只能告诉你这是白日做梦，永远不可能发生。

单词表

circumstance n. 状况，客观条件
internal adj. 内部的
dispute n.  争论
quite a bit adv. 相当多
contrary adj. 相反的
thesis n. 论文，论点
culmination n. 顶点，高潮
ultimately adv. 最终
emergence n. 出现
protestantism n. 新教
de facto （法）实际上的
sect n. 宗派
division n. 分歧
warrant v. 使正当
Wahabbism n. 瓦哈比派
Salafism n. 萨拉菲派
state n. 状态
conservative adj. 保守的
interpretation n. 解释
Sharia n. 伊斯兰教法
if anything 如果有……的话
assume v. 假设
in line with 与……一致
pipedream n. 白日梦

译自：https://qr.ae/prVjRy

时间：2023年2月13日