主题: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

其一:
What is the most probable mechanism that caused life to emerge on Earth?


Difficult question! My guess would be that there was not a single mechanism responsible, nor did it happen from one day to the next.
这真是个复杂的问题!我猜测那不是单一的机制响应,也不是一天就能形成的。

Important mechanisms to name a few probably were:
可能的几个相关且重要的机制是:

1)The spontaneous creation of complex organic molecules from simple molecules in proto-earth.
1)复杂有机分子的自发创造性,从简单的分子到简单的生命。

2)The 3D complexity of very long organic biomolecules, that in combination with external energy can create complex chemical systems that are difficult to reach equilibrium.
2)有机生物分子经过很长一段时期形成三维复杂生命体 ,它包含了可以利用外界能量的复杂化学系统,艰难地维持着平衡。

Also these molecules can react with simpler compounds (CaCO3, aminoacids, etc) and create other molecules with ridiculously complex 3D spatial conformations like them and increase the available for life chemical reservoir.
这些分子可以响应更简单的物质(比如碳酸钙,氨等等),然后以无序而复杂的三维空间构型创造类似自身的其他分子,同时也创造了可供生命使用的化学能池。

3)The natural history of reactions favors (and in a way select) the most stable systems.
反应的自然历史有利于(并在某种程度上选择)最稳定的系统。

For example adhesive properties can make systems endure external events,
比如黏膜结构可以让系统池承受外界事件,

hydrophobicity can create membranes, pores, etc, which can protect and sequester reactions, deoxyribonucleic acids and their packaging can lead to relatively stable structures, etc.
疏水性可以创造隔膜,气孔等,用于保护和隔绝响应,DNA和它的组成物质可以拥有更稳定的结构。

单词:
mechanism n. 机械装置
构造, 机制
办法, 技巧, 途径
spontaneous adj. 自发的, 无意识的
自然的, 天真率直的
molecule n. 分子;微小颗粒,微粒
proto 原型机;样机
equilibrium n. 平衡,均势
(心情、感情等)平静
aminoacid n. 氨基酸(胺酸)
spatial adj. 空间的;存在于空间的;受空间条件限制的
conformations n. 构造
reservoir n.水库,蓄水池
favors n. 好意;支持;帮忙(favor的复数)
v. 支持;喜欢;证实(favor的三单形式)
adhesive n. 黏合剂
adj. 可黏着的, 黏性的
Property n.财产,所有物,所有权,性质,特性,(小)道具
hydrophobicity 疏水性
membranes n.膜,隔膜
pores n. 气孔;毛穴(pore的复数)
v. 注视;熟读;沉思(pore的第三人称单数)
sequester vt. 使隔绝;使隔离
<律>扣押
deoxyribonucleic acids n. [化]脱氧核糖核酸

回复: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

其二:
4)The fact that we are the observers of the whole phenomenon gives us a specific viewpoint that can be deceiving. I will explain:
事实上,我们作为观察者观测整个现象,这会使我们陷入一种特殊的可能被欺骗的角度,以下是我的解释:

a)We don’t realize the unfathomable amount of chemical reactions and events that happen even in a tiny bit of living material.
即便是在一个非常微小的生境,我们也无法完全了解发生在里面的全部的化学反应和事情。

Every chemical reaction in life happens for a natural reason. There is locally no purpose in them, they are natural events. However, we dont see plain reactions, we see for example mitochondria, cells, etc.(?这是什么意思)
每个生命发生生化反应都有其自然的原因。逻辑上来说,他们并没有目的,他们只是自然事件。但是,我们没有看到平静的反应,我们看到例如线粒体,细胞中的神奇反应。

b)Life from a strictly biochemical perspective is a sum of chemical systems that interact.
从严格的生物化学角度,生命是化学系统相交互的总和。

From a biochemical standpoint, there is not such a thing as an individual organism.
生化角度的个体有机体是不存在的。

This is probably a result of a need of human brain to organize and understand systems.
这可能是形成人类大脑组织能力与理解能力的结果。

Thus, we think that living systems can create order, while in fact life as a whole, if we even include for example death, food and nutrient recycling is a much more disordered system overall, exactly like all spontaneously forming chemical systems.
因此,我们的生命系统可以创造秩序,但是事实上,生命作为一个整体,如果我们以死亡,食物和营养循环举例,这就是个更无序的系统,特别是对于所有自发性化学形成系统来说。(什么和什么啊!)

单词表:
deceiving v.欺骗,行骗
unfathomable adj. 深得无法到达底部的 高深莫测的;难以了解的
plain n. 平原
adj. 清晰的;明白的
朴素的;简单的;平常的
坦白的,坦率的,真诚的
完全的;十足的;彻底的
mitochondria n. <生>线粒体

回复: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

其三:
c)Life’s chemical reactions seem to have a purpose because life self-organizes.
生命的化学反应似乎有目的,因为生命是自我组织的。

However, who is the observer? We. The results of this process are the observers of the process. Everything that happens leads to them.
但是,谁是观察者呢?是我们。这个过程的结果是这个过程的观察者。所有发生的事情导致了这个结果。

This by itself cancels out the epicness of self-organization.
这本身就抵消了自组织的史诗性。
If a river could think, how would it perceive the cycle of water it participates?
如果一条河会思考,它该如何察觉到它环流时邂逅的水流?(真怪啊)
Imagine a series of events: A->B->C.......Y->Z->A->B...etc and the observer is (N+O).
思考一系列事情:A->B->C.......Y->Z->A->B...而观察者是(N+O).
The observer will think that this system can self-organize.
观察者会认为这个系列会自行发生。
Although an over-simplification because life is consisted by unfathomable numbers of chemical interactions, all i am saying is that any system will be perceived to have self-organizing properties from the perspective of its results.
因为生命就是深不可测的化学物质的相互作用,虽然过于简单了,我想说的是,从其最终结果来看,任何系统都将被观测到拥有自发能力。

单词表:
epicness 史诗性
perceive vt.察觉 v.感知,感到,认识到 n. 过于简单的叙述或说明
unfathomable adj. 深得无法到达底部的 高深莫测的;难以了解的

回复: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

其四:
And similar systems under the same laws of nature will constantly produce similar results.
相同的自然规律下,相似的系统总是不断地产出相似的结果。

Imagine you go to a planet with many chemical reactions on its surface.
想象你去一个表面不断发生着化学反应的星球。

Your chemical analysis will be similar both now and after 30 years.
不管是现在还是30年后,你的身体物质的化学分析结果也不会有大的改变。

Every chemical reaction in life happens for a natural reason, for example adenine and thymine form bonds during replication.
生命的所有化学反应发生都有其自然原因,比如,胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤在遗传物质的复制中,相互联络参与构成核酸。(阿胖加了些词,不然感觉翻不通)

There is no purpose in them, they are natural events. DNA molecules are a part of the soup, but they are stable and their interactions will be relatively preserved and will expand.
它们没有目的,它们只是自然发生的事件。dna分子也是物质的一部分,但是它们足够稳定,它们间的相互作用使得dna分子相对得容易保存,也更便于延伸。(dna是汤是什么鬼啊!)

Changes in DNA sequences will affect the fate of the chemical system and the most sustainable results will dominate.
dna序列的变更将会影响宏观生命体的化学系统,形成的结果具有可持续发展的优势。

Natural selection will be in full action, but its like looking it from a different angle.
自然选择残酷无情,但是也可以从不同角度看它。

Biology and chemistry look like 2 sides of the same coin, but it depends on the angle you observe the phenomenon.
生物和化学就像一枚硬币的两面,取决于你观察现象的角度。

单词:
adenine
n. 腺嘌呤
thymine
n. 胸腺嘧啶
replication
n. 复制
preserved
adj. 保藏的;腌制的;喝醉的
be in full action
全力以赴

回复: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

其五:
d)There is nothing more tricky than to try to understand logic and human cognition by using…human cognition. Its like trying to see your eyes with your own eyes.
利用人类的认知,去理解逻辑和人类认知,是很狡猾的事。(你在说啥!)那就像用你自己的眼睛看你的眼睛。

All thoughts, regardless of how deep or complex, can be reduced down to simple chemical processes. There are no exceptions.
不管多深奥和复杂的想法,都可以被简化为简单的化学过程,没有例外。(?马克思告诉胖胖意识和物质是两个东西)

Reason is driven by what we perceive as pleasure-seeking integral tendencies and internal forces and instincts (reproduction, survival, etc).
理性是由我们所认为的寻求快乐的整体倾向和内在力量和本能(繁殖、生存等)驱动的。

If you are starving for days, you are gonna constantly think of ways to feed yourself.
如果你饿了好几天,你将会不停地思考如何填饱肚子。

Just write down your thoughts 1 day after you quit smoking and read them after 2 years.
请写下你戒烟一天后的想法,并在两天后读一读它。

One can deliberately fast, but that is because the person decided that this will give him/her even more pleasure (e.g due to religious views, etc) than eating.
一个人可以故意禁食,是因为这个人认定,比起进食,这样做可以带给他她更多快乐(可能是出于宗教原因等)

单词:
tricky
adj.狡猾的,机警的
cognition
n. 〈哲〉认识; 认识力
integral
adj.完整的,整体的,[数学] 积分的,构成整体所需要的
n.[数学] 积分,完整,部分
tendencies
n.趋向,倾向
instinct
n.本能
gonna
abbr. (美)将要(等于going to)
fast
adj. 快速的,迅速的;紧的,稳固的
adv. 紧紧地;彻底地;迅速地
vi. 禁食,斋戒
n. 斋戒;绝食

回复: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

其六:
Logic is also driven by self or other parties aims and interests.
逻辑也受到自己或者同行的利益与兴趣的驱动。

They build and use their existing background that is written in nervous synapses and based on what they have learned so far, they seek of solutions or develop strategies to fullfil their aims and interests. They do so, because this will give them pleasure and avoid pain.
他们建立并使用自身的,由神经突触下达指令的背景,这也取决于他们至今所学,他们寻找发展策略的解决办法,来实现他们的目标和兴趣。他们这样做,因为这些给他们快乐,逃避痛苦。

In other words, cognition and logic is a tool of nature to serve its purposes. It is a homeostasis tool, and its no different than the lungs, the kidneys, etc on that sense.
换句话说,认知和逻辑是服务于其目的的自然工具。它是一种稳态工具,从这个意义上说,它与肺、肾等没有什么不同。

So to conclude, there are probably several mechanisms that enabled life to emerge, but the main mechanism that made biology different than chemistry is probably the fact that we are the observers.
总的来说,可能有一些机械装置促使了生命的形成,但是真正使生物和化学物质区别开来的机制是,我们所观测到的现实。

单词表:
Party
n. 聚会,派对;政党,党派;[律]当事人
vi. 参加社交聚会
synapses
n.突触
homeostasis
n. 动态静止,动态平衡,(社会群体的)自我平衡,原状稳定
lung

kidney
肾形矿脉

回复: 最可能的使地球上出现生命的机制是什么?

结合昨天的看,原来是啊胖突然生物学!

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