为什么主流经济学家忽视马克思主义？

Why do mainstream economists ignore Marxism?

答主：Michael Barnard

Because economists study it academically as part of their program. They read the core texts, understand the mostly accurate observations Marx made about unfettered capitalism, and are also shown how capitalism adapted in most places to avoid those concerns.
因为经济学家作为他们的课程的一部分，学术地学习了马克思主义。他们阅读了它的核心文本，理解了马克思对不受限制的资本主义所作出的基本上完全准确的观察，并且也了解了绝大多数地方的资本主义是如何被改造以回避那些忧虑。

For example, Marxism is taught in MIT’s Economics curriculum.
举例来说， 马克思主义在麻省理工学院就作为经济学课程被教授。

"This course addresses the evolution of the modern capitalist economy and evaluates its current structure and performance. Various paradigms of economics are contrasted and compared (neoclassical, Marxist, socioeconomic, and neocorporate) in order to understand how modern capitalism has been shaped and how it functions in today's economy. The course stresses general analytic reasoning and problem formulation rather than specific analytic techniques. Readings include classics in economic thought as well as contemporary analyses."
”这门课程研究的是现代资本主义经济的演变，并评估它当下的结构和表现。我们将对比和比较多种经济学范例（新古典主义、马克思主义、社会经济学和新社团主义），目的是理解现代资本主义是如何塑造并在当下的经济生活中发挥作用的。相比于具体的分析技巧，本课程更强调一般性分析推理和问题规划。阅读材料包括经济学思想的经典著作和当代分析。 “

Capitalism and Its Critics - MIT Course Number 14.72
资本主义与其批判 - 麻省理工学院课程编号 14.72

That’s why most mainstream economists are working in liberal democracies which have strong social safety nets, universal healthcare and strong global trade alliances. That’s why most mainstream economists are Keynesian stimulus supporters, not Chicago School austerity supporters.
这就是为什么绝大多数的主流经济学家都在有强大的社会安全网、全民医保和全球贸易同盟的自由民主国家工作。这也是为什么大多数主流经济学家支持凯恩斯主义的刺激经济，而不是芝加哥学派的紧缩政策。

There’s nothing magical about Marx. His observations were mostly correct. His solutions were broken, as has been proven empirically enough times that only rampant ideologues who refuse to attend to reality apply them.
马克思身上没有什么魔法。他的观察绝大多数是对的。他的解落方案破灭了，就像过去数次经验证明的那样，只有拒绝关注现实的疯狂的理论家才会接受它们。

But economists are ‘trained Marxists’ too. They’ve mostly all studied him. But just as me having read the Bible three times for different purposes doesn’t make me a Christian, and having studied multiple cults doesn’t make me a cultist, they mostly didn’t become Marxists.
但经济学家同时也是“受训练的马克思主义者”。他们绝大多数都学习过马克思的理论。但正如我出于不同的目的读过三次圣经也没有让我变成基督徒，学习过数种异教思想也没有变成异教徒一样，他们多数都没有成为马克思主义者。

There are other problems with mainstream economists, especially the ones who couldn’t get their heads around behavioral economics or the ones stuck in blind adherence to the Chicago School (often the same people), but not knowing Marx and not agreeing with his solution set are not among them.
在主流经济学家，特别是那些搞不懂行为经济学或陷入对芝加哥学派的盲目坚持的人（通常是同一一批人）身上还有其他种种问题，但不懂得马克思和不同意马克思的全套解决方案并不在这些问题之列。

Update: I’m currently listening to Mark Carney’s book, Values: Building a Better World for All.
更新：我现在正在听马克·卡尼的书，《价值：为所有人建立一个更好的世界》。

Who is Mark Carney? Well, he was the Governor of the Bank of England. That was after being the Governor of the Bank of Canada. He has a Bachelor of Economics from Harvard. He has a Masters and Doctor of Philosphy in economics from Oxford.
马克·卡尼是谁？好吧，他是英格兰银行行长。在那之前，他是加拿大银行行长。他是哈佛大学经济学学士，还拥有牛津大学的经济学硕士和博士学位。

Can we agree he’s an economist? Can we agree he’s a mainstream economist? Can we agree, in fact, that he’s one of the most prominent mainstream economists on the planet?
应该同意他是个经济学家吧？应该同意他是个主流经济学家吧？我们是否应该同意，事实上，他就是这个星球上最重要的主流经济学家之一？

Great. Well, I just listened to him talking about the history of economics, from the earliest theorists through Smith and on into the 20th Century. Guess what? Marx showed up and was given respectful treatment. In fact, Carney made it clear that he considered Smith and Marx to have related ethical and moral perspectives about the place of capitalism and value.
很好。我刚才听他谈论了经济学的历史，从最早的理论家如亚当·斯密等直到20世纪。猜猜发生了什么？马克思也露面了，并得到了尊敬的对待。实际上，卡尼明确表示他认为亚当·斯密和马克思对于资本主义和价值的地位有着同一类观点，他们的观点不仅是道德的也有益于人类。

Once again, Marx isn’t ignored. Economists know his work. They know where it sits in the evolutionary history of economics. They know where he was right for his time and where he was wrong.
让我在重申一次，马克思没有被忽视。经济学学家了解他的工作。他们知道马克思主义在经济学发展史上的位置。他们知道马克思在他的时代的正确性为何，也知道他错在哪里。

单词表

accurate adj. 准确地
unfettered adj. 无拘无束的
concern n. 关心；忧虑
MIT =Massachusetts Insitute of Technolgy 麻省理工学院
curriculum n. 学校课程
address v. 研究处理（问题）
evaluate v. 评估
paradigm n. 典范，范例
socioeconomic n. 社会经济学
corporate adj. 公司的，团体的，法人的
stress v. 着重强调
general analytic reasoning 一般分析推理
formulation n. 规划，制订
specific adj. 具体的，特定的
contemporary adj. 当代的
analyse n. 分析
stimulus n. 刺激
school n. 流派，学派
austerity n. 紧缩
empirically adv. 以经验为主地
rampant adj. 泛滥的，猖獗的
ideologue n. 理论家，空想家
attend to 注意到
cult n. 异教
(not) get one's head around 搞（不）懂
stuck in 陷入
adherence n. 遵守，坚持
governor n. 主管
prominent adj. 重要的
and on 等等
show up 露面
make it clear that 弄清楚，明确表示
ethical adj. 有益于人类的
perspective n. 观点，视角

译自：https://qr.ae/prjI7y

时间：2020年8月15日