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主题: 马克思主义和列宁主义有什么不同？

How different is Marxism from Leninism?

答主：Harshvardhan Singh, ENGINEER

Lenin was man of action and he was the first one to act on Marx's idea.He considered Marx nothing less than God and adhered to ideas of Mature Marx.He wanted to prove Marx's idea of socialism as scientific and inevitable. But being man of action he was pragmatic and knew that Communism was still an utopian idea and for it to happen there is need for some modifications.
列宁是一个行动派，而且他是第一个按马克思的想法做事的人。在他眼里，马克思就像是上帝，而他遵照的是马克思成熟期的思想。他希望证明马克思的社会主义思想是科学且必然发生的。但是作为行动派，他很务实，并且知道共产主义依然是一种乌托邦思想，需要作一些修正才能使它成为现实。

Marx said that revolution for communism will occur when workers or proletariate will develop a revolutionary consciousness.But Lenin believed that working class are not capable of developing such consciousness on their own and it can take a lot of time. He saw it as one of the reason why revolution never happened and he tried to address it in his own way.Lenin said that span of history can be shortened by instilling revolutionary consciousness in workers rather than waiting for it.He said a party of intellectuals will instill such consciousness among workers and it gave birth to creation of COMMUNIST PARTY. This party was supposed to become vanguard of revolution.Marx predicted dictatorship of class (proletariate) but Lenin experiment resulted in dictatorship of a party (COMMUNIST PARTY).
马克思说过，共产主义革命会在无产阶级工人发展出革命意识的时候发生。但列宁认为工人阶级尚未有能力自觉发展出这样的意识，它可能会很费时。他将其视为革命从未发生的原因之一，并尝试用自己的方式设法将其解决。列宁说，这一历史的跨度可以通过不断给工人灌输革命意识而不是静静等待其发生来缩减。他说，可以通过一个知识分子的政党来给工人灌输这些意识，这就催生出了共产党。这个政党被期望成为革命的先锋队。马克思预言了阶级（无产阶级）的专政，但列宁的实验导致的是一个政党（共产党）的专政。

Marx predicted that revolution will occur when capitalism will attain its peak and when country will be fully industrialized.Lenin saw this as an obstacle to bring Communism in Russia. Marx also never talked about peasant his only point of concern was industrial workers. Czarist Russia was still in primary stage of capitalism and Lenin realized that industrial workers formed minority group in mass.He had to include peasantry and increase the domain of revolutionary class to make revolution a reality in Russia.Mao went further and he based his entire movement for communism on peasants alone as China at that time was not even at primary stage of capitalism or industrialization but country dependent on peasants and peasentry.
马克思预言说革命会在资本主义高度发达的完全工业国发生。列宁将其视为把共产主义带入俄罗斯的障碍。马克思也从未谈论过农民，他唯一的关注点就是产业工人。沙俄尚处于资本主义的初级阶段，列宁意识到产业工人在群众中是少数。他不得不将农民包括在内，并且增大了革命阶级的领域，以使革命能在俄罗斯成为现实。毛走得更远，他整个共产主义运动的基础单单建立在农民上，因为当时的中国甚至连资本主义和工业化初级阶段都不是，整个国家都建立在农民阶级之上。

单词表

man of action 行动派
act on 按照……行事
adhere v. 遵守
inevitable adj. 必然发生的
pragmatic adj. 务实的
modification n. 修改
consciousness n. 意识
capable adj. 有能力的
address v. 设法解决
span n. 跨度
instill v. 持续灌输
intellectual n. 知识分子
vanguard n. 先锋
experiment n. 实验
attain v. 实现
peak n. 巅峰
obstacle n. 障碍
form v. 是……的组成部分
minority adj. 少数的
mass n. 群众
domain n. 领域
peasentry n. 农民阶级

译自：https://qr.ae/pyt6a9

时间：2015年8月27日

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回复: 马克思主义和列宁主义有什么不同？

Ian Rae

Marx said that vanguard parties couldn't bing about Socialism/Communism he's been proved right Russia, China, Cuba are all State Capitalist and have nothing to do with C/S regards ian.
马克思说过，先锋队的党并不能带来社会主义或共产主义。他的话被证明是对的。俄罗斯、中国、古巴都是国家资本主义，和社会主义或共产主义没有关系。伊恩敬上。

Harshvardhan Singh

Yes you are right but you will always hear above countries mentioned as communist states but they fail to realize that a communist state is an oxymoron. Because in communism there is no class hence no state. Throughout cold war both the propoganda machines of NATO and USSR disagreed on everything except on the fact that USSR is a perfect socialist state. So when opposing parties agree on one thing it automatically becomes true.
你是对的，但你总是会听见上述国家被称为共产国家，但他们没有意识到共产国家本身是一个自相矛盾的修辞。因为在共产主义社会中没有阶级，因此没有国家。贯穿冷战始终，北约和苏联的宣传机器在所有事情上都针锋相对，而他们都号称苏联是一个完美的社会主义国家。所以当对立双方都赞成一件事情时，它就自动成真了。

Ian Rae

So Lenin didn't act on Marxs ideas he acted on his own and distorted Marx to achieve his own ends, which if he had acted on Marxs ideas Russia needn't have suffered so much but that is all in the past pity we still discuss Lenin, regards ian.
所以列宁并没有按马克思的观点做事。他是按自己的观点做的，还朝着他自己的终点歪曲了马克思。如果他真的按马克思的思想做了，俄罗斯就不需要遭受这么多痛苦。但这都是过去的遗憾，我们还会讨论列宁。伊恩敬上。

单词表

bing about 引起，造成
have nothing to do with 与……无关
oxymoron n. 矛盾修饰法
act on 按照……行事
distort v. 歪曲
achieve v. 实现

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