为什么列宁认为马克思主义不适用于俄罗斯？

Why did Lenin believe Marxism did not apply to Russia?

答主：Shayn M., PhD in Politics, Monash University (Graduated 2020)

He DID believe it applied to Russia, otherwise why would he have led a Marxist party in a revolutionary overthrow of the provisional government?
他其实认为马克思主义适用于俄罗斯，否则他为什么会领导了一个马克思主义政党在一场革命中推翻了临时政府？

He recognised that Russia was not yet ready, according to standard Marxist criteria, for a normal proletarians revolution and therefore modified and innovated new theoretical approaches to apply a Marxist strategy for the eventual communist transformation of Russia (history bears witness to how well that worked out).
他意识到，从标准的马克思主义尺度看，俄罗斯还没有准备好迎接一场常规的无产阶级革命，因此，他修改并革新了理论方法，运用了一种马克思主义的策略使得俄罗斯最终得以转变为共产主义国家（历史证明了这种解决方案有多成功）。

It was the other Marxist party of the time, the Mensheviks, who insisted that Russia was too undeveloped for a socialist revolution and that the workers and left wing parties should instead work with the bourgeoisie to create a kind of social democratic revolution before a true transition to socialism would be possible.
当时还有另一支马克思主义政党——孟什维克——他们坚持俄罗斯对于一场社会主义革命而言还过于落后，所以工人和左翼政党应该和资产阶级合作，在真正转变为社会主义成为可能之前，先进行一种社会民主主义的革命。

Lenin rejected this view and insisted that the implications of Marx’ theory of history could be circumvented if a disciplined communist party accelerated Russia through a brief period of managed “state capitalism” directly into communism.
列宁拒绝了这种观点，并坚持认为马克思关于历史的理论，其内涵可以是可以被回避的，只要有一个训练有素的共产党通过对俄罗斯进行一场短暂而受控制的“国家资本主义”加速，就能直接进入共产主义。

Lenin absolutely believed Marx’theory applied to Russia, he was just convinced that a well-disciplined party could get around it.
列宁绝对相信马克思主义的理论适用于俄罗斯，他只是相信一个纪律严明的政党有办法应付它。

单词表

overthrow v. 推翻
provisonal adj. 临时的
criteria n. 尺度
modify v. 修改
innovate v. 创新
approach n. 方法
bear witness to 证明
work out 解决
bourgeoisie n. 资产阶级
implication n. 含意
circumvent v. 回避
brief adj. 短暂的
convince v. 使信服
get arround 有办法应付

译自：https://qr.ae/pyhBLg

时间：2021年10月1日