主题: 孔乙己脱不下的长衫,外媒如何报道?
Chinese Buzzword ‘Kong Yiji Mindset’ Sparks Debate Among College Grads
中国流行热词“孔乙己心态”引发中国大学毕业生热议
1️⃣ buzz [bʌz] 作名词,本来指蜜蜂「嗡嗡声」,现在常用来喻指网络上的「热议」。buzzword 指「流行语,网络热词」。近几年流行的躺平、内卷、凡尔赛文学等都属于buzzword。
2️⃣ spark [spɑːrk] 作名词,是「火花」的意思,作动词,喻指「激起,引发,触发」近义词还有prompt, trigger, provoke等等。spark (a) debate 便指「引发争议」。
3️⃣ college grads 是college graduates的简写,指「大学毕业生」。而new graduates 新毕业生,也就是我们常说「应届毕业生」,简称NG。
Chinese netizens are passionately discussing the ‘Kong Yiji mindset,’ a term inspired by an influential figure in modern Chinese literature and used to refer to college graduates who consider themselves above manual labor.
中国网民正就“孔乙己心态”展开热烈讨论,该词源于中国现代文学中的经典人物形象,如今被大学毕业生用来自嘲弯不下腰从事体力劳动。
1️⃣ term 这里为名词,指「词汇,术语」。「内卷」、「躺平」这样的词,都叫作term。
2️⃣ mindset 为可数名词,指「思维方式,观念模式」(a person's way of thinking and their opinions)。
3️⃣ figure 为可数名词,这里是「人物」的意思。比如:public figures 公众人物。
文中an influential figure in modern Chinese literature 即「当代中国文学史上有影响力的人物」。
4️⃣ refer to sb / sth 指「提到,谈及」(to mention or speak about sb / sth),常译为「指...」。
5️⃣ manual 为形容词,表示「体力的」。manual labour / work 指「体力劳动」。反义词为mental labour / work 指「脑力劳动」。
In Lu Xun’s story, Kong Yiji is a self-important scholar who gets his legs broken after stealing books. Both ridiculous and tragic, Kong has a futile fixation on the past.
在鲁迅的小说中,孔乙己是个自视甚高的书生,去偷书还被打断了腿。他既可笑又可悲,无济于事地执着于过去。
1️⃣ self-important 为形容词,字面义为「自以为重要的」,形容「妄自尊大的,自负的,高傲的」(behaving in a way that shows you think you are more important than other people),是个贬义词。
比如:He was self-important, vain and ignorant. 他傲慢自负,虚荣无知。
3️⃣ ridiculous [rɪˈdɪkjʊləs] 为形容词,表示「愚蠢的,荒唐的,可笑的」(very silly or unreasonable)。
3️⃣ tragic 为形容词,来自名词tragedy(悲剧),表示「悲剧的,悲惨的,不幸的」
4️⃣ futile [ˈfjuːtaɪl] 为形容词,表示「无用的,徒劳的」(actions that are futile are useless because they have no chance of being successful),相当于pointless, useless。
比如:My efforts to go back to sleep proved futile.我努力想再次入睡,但怎么也睡不着。
5️⃣ fixation [fɪkˈseɪʃən] 为可数名词,指「痴迷,依恋,执念」(a very strong interest in sb/sth, that is not normal or natural),相当于obsession。
have a fixation on / with sb / sth 表示「对…有执念」。文中have a fixation on the past 便指「对过去有执念」。
be fixated on sb / sth 为形容词短语,指「对...异常依恋,对...过分沉溺」(always thinking and talking about sb / sth in a way that is not normal)。
Why does everyone keep fixating on that ?
Set a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the story starts with him being ridiculed by the working-class customers in the tavern he frequents for continuing to wear his long scholar’s gown, even though he never passed the imperial exam that could have landed him a decent job back in the feudal days.
小说的背景是清朝覆灭的几年后,一开场,孔乙己就在常光顾的酒馆里,因一直穿着长衫受到做工短衣帮的嘲笑奚落。即使他一直没能考上秀才,没能在封建时代谋得一份体面的工作,他那件长衫也一直没有脱下。
1️⃣ be set ... 指「以...为背景」,常用于引出电影、故事的背景。
这里Set a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty是过去分词短语作句子的伴随状语,指「背景是清朝灭亡的几年后」,其逻辑主语与句子主保持一致,为the story,如果我们把这部分单独写成一个句子,那就是:
The story // is set // a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
2️⃣ ridicule [ˈrɪd.ə.kjuːl] 作动词,表示「嘲笑,奚落,戏弄」
ridicule 也可作不可数名词,指「嘲笑,奚落,讥笑」
3️⃣ tavern [ˈtævən] 为可数名词,指「酒馆,酒吧」
4️⃣ frequent 作动词,指「常去,常到」
比如:I hear he frequents Haidilao in that street. 我听说他经常去吃那条街上的海底捞。[熟词僻义]
5️⃣ gown 这里便指「长衫」。新娘的礼服,毕业典礼上穿的学士服,都可以叫作gown。
6️⃣ the imperial exam 这里指「科举考试」。imperial 为形容词,指「帝国的,皇帝的」。
7️⃣ land sth 表示「得到…」land a job 获奖:land a prize。
land sb sth 表示「给某人弄到…」。
9️⃣ feudal [ˈfjuːdl] 为形容词,指「封建制度的」(relating to feudalism)。
As The Paper, a Chinese media company based in Shanghai, writes, “[Kong Yiji] would rather steal than do what he considers a menial job just to make money… [This is relatable] in the eyes of some, [who think] their academic qualifications didn’t lead to the job they wanted or deserved.”
总部位于上海的中国媒体公司澎湃新闻就此评论道,“(孔乙己)宁愿偷东西也不愿为了赚钱去做他眼中的低贱工作……在一些人眼中(这是能理解的),他们的学历并没有让他们获得想要或应得的工作”。
1️⃣ menial [ˈmiːniəl] 作形容词,指「枯燥的,无需技术的,不重要的」(menial work is boring, needs no skill, and is not important)。menial jobs 便指「琐碎的工作」。
2️⃣ relate 为动词,表示「认同,能够理解,有共鸣」
在外国论坛Reddit上看到这个词,当楼主讲述完自己的经历,很多网友都会跟帖说:I can relate. 我能理解。
relatable 为其形容词形式,表示「能引发共鸣的」。
除了relate to sb / sth ,我们还可以说:sympathize with, feel sympathy with, feel for, identify with。
shed / cast / throw light on sth 字面义是「把光照在…上」,喻指「让人们了解…,使…更容易理解」
我们在《狂飙》为什么爆火?| 外媒说里讲过这个词:
(A) Chinese TV Drama Sheds Light on Anti-Corruption 一部中国电视剧揭示反腐斗争
plight 为单数名词,指「困境」(a difficult and sad situation),比如:
经济困境:the economic plight
财政困境:the financial plight。
3️⃣ in the eyes of sb 指「在某人眼里,在某人看来」。
4️⃣ academic qualifications 表示「学历」。
The related term, ‘Kong Yiji mindset,’ refers to those who see Kong in themselves as they face the pressures of a job market that can’t keep up with the record-breaking number of college graduates.
这一热词“孔乙己心态”反映了当代大学毕业生与孔乙己的共鸣。当前,求职者数量创历史新高,但就业市场却未能做出调整,毕业生备受就业压力,在自己身上看到了孔乙己的影子。
Last year, less than half of college students set to graduate in 2022 had received job offers by mid-April; meanwhile, the unemployment rate for all youths aged 16-24 last summer was a staggering 19.9%.
去年,在4月中旬前找到工作的2022届毕业生不到半数,而就在去年夏天,16-24岁青年群体的失业率达到惊人的19.9%。
1️⃣ be set to do sth 表示「很可能会...,准备好...」(likely to do sth; ready for sth or to do sth)。
文中set to graduate 是一个形容词短语作后置定语修饰college students,我们可以将其改写成一个定语从句:
college students set to graduate in 2022
= college student who were set to graduate in 2022
指「预计2022年毕业的大学生」。
4️⃣ staggering [ˈstæɡərɪŋ] 为形容词,指「惊人的,令人震惊的」(very shocking and surprising)。
staggering 还常用于形容数字,a staggering + 数字表示「高达...」,说明数字高的惊人。
a+adj.+数字是英文里非常高频的表达,adj.用来形容数字的高低,用起来简洁又利落, 用在作文里很加分。
常⻅的有:a staggering +数字,a whopping +数字形容数字之大。
a mere +数字 形容数字之小