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主题: 澳大利亚是怎样用如此小规模的军队在二战中防守整个海岸线的？

How did Australia guard the whole coast with such a small military during World War Two?

答主：Ben Kelley, Engineer Creator at Western Sydney University (2011–present)

It didn’t, the Australian coastline is so massive there was no way to guard the entire coast line in the conventional sense.
并没有，澳大利亚的海岸线太长了，根本不可能用常规手段防守住整个海岸线。

However, most of it didn’t need to be guarded. Much of it is remote inhospitable wilderness. Surrounded by muddy mangroves, reefs and sandbars up north. Even after landing or flying over the coast, much of it was effectively uninhabited, or so sparsely inhabited, the Japanese were surprised there was nothing to bomb. The few targets that existed in the 1940’s were regularly bombed but caused few deaths and minimal damage other than the large raids on Darwin which was really the only large civilian city to get regular attacks and had a lot of ships in its harbor because of its northern location.
然而，其中的绝大多数并不需要防守。海岸线上的很多地方都是偏僻无人的荒野，被泥泞的红树林、礁石和朝北的沙洲环绕。即使在登录或飞越海岸之后，许多地方实际上都是无人区，或者人烟稀少，日本人惊讶于他们根本没有什么东西可轰炸。在20世纪40年代存在的为数不多的目标都经常遭到轰炸，但除了对达尔文港的突袭外，几乎没引起什么死亡，伤害也是最低程度，达尔文港是唯一一个被频繁攻击的大型民用城市，因为它位于北部，所以港口里停了很多船。
https://s3.bmp.ovh/imgs/2023/04/03/265095dee8593524.webp
https://s3.bmp.ovh/imgs/2023/04/03/c191ac2237c19797.webp
Australia also concentrated on attacking the Japanese in combination with American forces, so Japanese attacks tended to get significantly smaller and less regular with the war. Most of Australia’s war effort went into smashing the Japanese, rather than trying to build a fortress of Australia, which as shown in Singapore, was a waste of time.
澳大利亚还专注于与美军联合攻击日本，因此日本人的进攻规模在战争中显著变得更小和更不频繁。比起尝试去建立一个澳大利亚堡垒，澳大利亚在战争中的努力更在于粉碎日本人本身，而前者正如在新加坡显示的那样，完全是浪费时间。

Air raids on Australia, 1942–43 - Wikipedia
对澳大利亚的空中突袭，1942-43 - 维基百科

Australia also built a large number of corvettes, building over 60 of them during the war. Bathurst-class corvette - Wikipedia, many of which took on coastal duties.
澳大利亚还建造了许多轻型护卫舰，在战争中就建造了超过60艘。巴瑟斯特级护卫舰 - 维基百科，它们中的许多都在海岸执行任务。

单词表

massive adj. 大规模的
conventional adj. 常规（非核）的
remote adj. 偏僻的
inhospitable adj. 荒凉无人的
wilderness n. 荒野
muddy adj. 泥泞的
mangrove n. 红树林
reef n. 礁石
sandbar n. 沙洲
effectively adv. 实际上
uninhabited adj. 无人居住的
sparsely adj. 稀少的
other than 除了……
raid n. 突然袭击
smashi v. 粉碎
corvette n. 轻型护卫舰

译自：https://qr.ae/prBw8v

时间：2020年7月26日

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回复: 澳大利亚是怎样用如此小规模的军队在二战中防守整个海岸线的？

Oded Ben-Josef

Well written. Just one quibble, regarding your phrase “which as shown in Singapore, was a waste of time”, do you mean that using defensive fortifications was a useless strategy against the Japanese?
写得很好。只有一个小问题，我注意到你的这句“正如在新加坡所示的那样，完全是浪费时间”，你的意思是不是，使用防御性的工事对抗日本人是无用的战略？

Rod Gallagher

As it turned out yes. Great Britian gave Australia assurances in the late 1930′s that Britian would defend Singapore, Britian was actually more interested in holding then Celyon. Australia committed a half trained 8th Division to the defence of the Malaysian peninsula and Singapore and lost those troops. I have seen the seaward defences of Singapore, they are extensive and would have proved difficult, and they are now a muesum but the Japanese came from the land side opposite Singapore Island. One of the decisions to surrender was to avoid a possible “Nanking style” rape of the large civilian population on Singapore island by Japanese forces. By that time the British had lost 2 battleships.
根据后来发生的事情看确实如此。大不列颠在20世纪30年代晚期曾经向澳大利亚保证，不列颠会防守新加坡，但实际上，不列颠更感兴趣的是控制当时的锡兰。澳大利亚把训练了一半的第8师投入到马来半岛和新加坡的防守中，然后失去了这些部队。我见过新加坡的对海防御，他们非常广泛并且本该被证明是难以对付的，但是日本人从新加坡岛对面的陆地发起进攻，现在这些防御工事都成了博物馆。
决定投降的原因之一是为了避免新加坡庞大的平民民人口遭遇日本军队“南京式”强暴的可能。在那个时候，不列颠已经损失了两艘战列舰。

To understand modern Australia you need to understand the events of the first few months of 1942 and Singapore. You also need to understand that Australia has always controlled the use of its Armed Forces, so don't presume that Britian at the time could just demand troops and where they were used. Australia had been given assurances that Britian knew it could not keep. The 8th Division was in Singapore, the 6th Division, at the time one of the most experienced Commonwealth units was directed to Ceylon which it garrisoned for 6 months. The islands in arc north of Australia were defended by very small forces which were rapidly falling to the Japanese. The battle for the Kokoda track pitted 2 battalions of 18 year olds against very experienced japanese troops and were losing the battle. The Australian government requested that 7th Division in Syria be sent home because we had no troops, Churchill refused, the Australian government then again demanded that the unit be sent back to Australia, that happened but while the unit was on the water Churchill ordered it to be directed to Singspore or Indonesia, again the the Australian government had to direct the convoys back to Australia. Churchill was already hated after Gallipoli, after Sinapore even more. He seemed willing to sacrifice Commonwealth soldiers on his adventures. At that point the alliance changed from Britian to the USA. So never believe that Australia is a puppet of the UK.
为了理解现代澳大利亚，你需要先理解1942年最初的几个月发生的事件以及新加坡。你还需要知道，澳大利亚一直控制着它武装部队的使用权，所以不要以为当时的不列颠可以随意要求澳大利亚派军并决定将军队使用在哪里。澳大利亚被给予了保证，但不列颠知道这不会长久。第8师在新加坡，而第6师，当时最有战斗经验的联邦单位之一被派往锡兰，在那里驻守了6个月。澳大利亚北部弧线的岛屿们都由一些非常小规模的部队防守，它们很快就被日本人攻陷。在科科达方向的战斗让两个营的18岁少年遭受经验丰富的日军考验，最后输掉了战斗。澳大利亚政府要求让在叙利亚的第7师回家，因为我们没有军队了，丘吉尔拒绝了，然后澳大利亚政府再次要求将该单位送回澳大利亚。这支部队最终成行，但当部队在水上时，丘吉尔又指示它前往新加坡或印度尼西亚，澳大利亚政府再次命令舰队返航回澳大利亚。在加里波利之战后，丘吉尔已经令人讨厌，在新加坡之战后更加如此。他看起来想要澳大利亚士兵为他的冒险而牺牲。在那一刻，澳大利亚的联盟从不列颠转向了美国。所以永远不要觉得澳大利亚是联合王国的傀儡。

单词表

quibble n. 小意见
regard v. 看待；注视
phrase n. 短语，警句
fortification n. 防御工事
turn out v. 发生
assurance n.保证
then adj. 当时的
Ceylon n. 锡兰
hod v. 守卫，控制
commit v. 花费，投入
division n. 师
peninsula n. 半岛
seaward adj. 向海的
extensive adj. 广阔的
use n. 使用权
presume v. 假设，认定
Commonwealth n. （澳大利亚）联邦
garrison v. 驻守
battalion n. 营
track n. 方向
pit ... against ... 使经受考验
convoy n. 舰队，车队
puppet n. 傀儡

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