马克思主义和马列主义最大的相似性有哪些？

What are some of the biggest similarities between Marxism and Marxism-Leninism?

答主：Shayn M., I have a PhD in political theory.

Marxism-Leninism is based on Marx' theories as interpreted by Lenin. Lenin Revised aspects of historical materialism in order to justify his contention that socialist should not wait for the bourgeoisie to establish a mature capitalist economy before attempting a proletarian revolution and the establishment of a socialist state.
马克思列宁主义建立在列宁解释过的马克思的理论基础之上。列宁修正了历史唯物主义的一些方面，来为他的论点作辩护，他认为社会主义者不应该在去尝试无产阶级革命并建立社会主义国家之前只是等待资产阶级建立一套成熟的资本主义经济。

Because Marx authored a series of analyses of capitalism and a theory of history and possible transition to a future society called “communism” rather than any kind of political strategy outlining how to build communism.or what communism ought to be like, Lenin had to innovate in this area.
因为马克思写了一系列对资本主义的分析和一套关于历史和向“共产主义”这一未来社会形态转变的可能性，但却没涉及任何一种勾勒出怎样建设共产主义的图景的政治战略，也没有提出共产主义应该是怎样的。列宁必须在这一领域进行创兴。

Marxism is a theory of society and history, not a coherent program for how to build communism. Lenin's answers to the question of how to build socialism in a society that, by Marx' logic was not actually ready for it, led to the emergence of Marxist-Leninism as a distinct theory of revolution and social transformation in “backward” societies.
马克思主义是关于社会和历史的理论，不是条理清晰的关于怎么建设共产主义的程序。如何在一个以马克思的逻辑来说，还没有准备好迎接社会主义的社会中建立起社会主义？列宁对这一问题的回答导致了马列主义的作为一种指导革命和落后社会的社会变革的清晰理论而出现。

Marxist-Leninism defies Marxist expectations that socialist societies can only emerge from.out of advanced capitalism. The failure of communism in backward countries could be read, if one so desired, as evidence that Marx was right and Lenin was incorrect in his revision, or, of course, it could also very probably mean that Marx' historical.materialism is itself an incorrect theory.
马列主义违背了马克思主义的预期，后者认为社会主义社会只能在发达的资本主义社会中出现。如果有谁希望的话，共产主义在落后国家中的失败可以被理解为马克思是正确的，而列宁的修正是错误的的证据。当然，这也很有可能意味着马克思的历史唯物主义本身就是错误的理论。

单词表

similarity n. 相似性
interpret v. 解释
revise v. 修正
aspect n. 方面
justify v. 为……辩解
contention n. 论点
mature adj. 成熟的
outline v. 勾勒……的外形
innovate v. 创新
coherent adj. 有条理的
emergence n. 出现
distinct adj. 清楚的
backward adj. 落后的
defy v. 违抗，挑战
desire v. 渴望
revision n. 修改

译自：https://qr.ae/pysl8L

时间：2018年3月21日