为什么会有马克思主义的人文主义这种称呼？

Why is it called Marxist humanism?

答主：Justin Schwartz, PhD, Philosophy and Political,Science, Univ. of Michigan; MPhil, History and Philosophy of Science, Cambridge; A.B. Philosophy, Princeton; Asst Prof of Phil, Ohio State, Kalamazoo College; many journal articles

In the 1950s and 60s, there was a widespread impression that social democracy, the welfare state, and Keynesian economics had solved some of the major problems of capitalism which Marx identified. In addition, the revelations about the crimes of Stalinism made Marxism look inhumane. Many Marxist thinkers in that period turned away from the austere analyses of Marx’s Capital to the earlier writings, like unpublished 1844 Philosophical and Economic Manuscripts, which were then new to the world and therefore exciting, and bring out a more “humanistic” side of Marx.
在20世纪50-60年代，有一种广为流传的印象是，社会民主主义、福利国家和凯恩斯主义经济学已经解决了马克思找出的资本主义的主要问题中的一部分。除此之外，对于斯大林主义罪行的揭露让马克思主义看起来很不人道。许多当时的马克思主义思想家厌倦了对马克思《资本论》的严肃分析，而转向对早期作品，像是未出版的1844年哲学与经济学手稿，它在当时对世界而言是个新东西，因此令人兴奋，并展现出马克思更“人文”的一面。

Of course , history since the 1970s and 1980s has shown that social democracy and the welfare state have NOT solved the major problems of capitalism, and Keynesian economics has been abandoned for neoliberalism and austerity. Moreover, anyone who had actually bothered to read Marx (very few of his critics and not enough of his supporters) would know that Stalinism and Maoism had no more to do with Marx than National “Socialism” has to do with socialism. The young Marx is no longer new and exciting, but it’s a valid issue how much of these ideas survives in his mature works. (Quite a lot, I think.)
当然，从1970-80年代的历史表明，社会民主主义和福利国家并没有解决资本主义的主要问题，而凯恩斯主义也因新自由主义和紧缩政策而被抛弃。而且，任何一个真的花功夫读过马克思作品的人（只有极少数他的批评者和远不够多的支持者读过）都会知道斯大林主义和毛主义和马克思主义就像国家“社会主义”和社会主义一样，几乎没什么关系。青年马克思这时已经不再是新鲜和令人激动的了，但一个有效的议题是，这些思想有多少体现在了他成熟期的著作中。（我认为不少。）

I think a correct understanding of Marx’s total work is that it is both humanistic and scientific.
我想，一个对马克思全部著作的正确理解是，它既是人文主义的，也是科学的。

单词表

humanism n. 人文主义
revelation n. 被揭露的内情
inhumane adj. 不人道的
turn away from 厌恶
austere adj. 严肃的
manuscript n. 手稿
austerity n. 紧缩
moreover adv. 而且
bother v. 花费精力做某事
have nothing to do with 与……没关系
mature adj. 成熟的

译自：https://qr.ae/pyNlET

时间：2023年1月18日