娃哈哈是如何发家的？| 华尔街日报

# 03
“The media also said we were capitalists,” Zong told the BBC in 2011. “It was a huge negative campaign.”
宗庆后在2011年告诉BBC：当地媒体还说我们是资本家。他说，这是一场声势浩大的负面宣传。

His bold move was to buy the 2,000-employee facility. Wahaha hit just as China’s economy was generating cash income for individuals who during its Communist era had goods allocated to them by the government.
宗庆后采取大胆举动，收购了这家拥有2000名员工的罐头厂。在当时的中国，经济的发展让个人手中有了现金收入，而之前在计划经济时代则是由政府向个人分配物资，娃哈哈正是在这样的背景下崛起的。

Zong capitalized on the trend by saturating media so Wahaha became better known than Coke to large segments of the population, and made his drinks available even deep in the countryside with aggressive distribution and low pricing.
宗庆后利用这一趋势，在媒体上投放了大量广告，使娃哈哈比可口可乐更为广大民众所熟知，并通过积极的分销和低廉的价格，将他的饮料销售网络深入到农村偏远地区。

bold 为形容词，指「大胆的，果敢的」(not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions)。

move 这里为可数名词，指「行动，举措」(something that you decide to do in order to achieve something)。

just as… 指「恰逢...，正当...」。
eg;It's a shame you're leaving just as we started dating.
我们刚开始约会，你就要走了，太可惜了。

allocate [ˈæləkeɪt]为动词，指「分配，拨给」(to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, for them to use in a particular way)。
比如《华尔街日报》一篇关于应届生就业情况的文章有这样一句话：
In Shanghai, the local government mandated that local state-owned companies allocate at least half of new positions to college graduates this year.在上海，当地政府规定，市属和区属国有企业要在年度招聘计划中，安排不低于50%的就业岗位面向上海市高校毕业生定向招聘。

have sth done 指「让...被...」。
比如： She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的首饰都被偷了。
文中 had goods allocated to them by the government 便指「让商品被政府分发给他们」。

capitalize on /upon sth 指「充分利用…」(to gain a further advantage for yourself from a situation)。
eg;Capitalize on press interest.利用新闻界的兴趣。
近义表达还有take advantage of sth, make the most of sth 等等。

saturate [ˈsætjʊreɪt] 作动词时，本来是「浸透，使...湿透」的意思。
引申出「使...充满，使...饱和」的意思(to fill a thing or place completely so that no more can be added)。
saturate media 渗透媒体，也就是在媒体上大量投放广告的意思。

短语be saturated with指「充满...，充斥着...」。
比如：我们的文化里充斥着电视和广告。
Our culture is saturated with television and advertising.
《纽约时报》一篇关于疫情对全球影响的文章曾这样写道:
The losses to companies, many already saturated with debt, risk triggering a financial crisis of cataclysmic proportions.
许多公司已经负债累累，这些损失有可能引发一场规模巨大的金融危机。
这里be saturated with debt 便是「充满债务，负债累累」的意思。

segment [ˈseg.mənt] 为可数名词，指「部分」。large segments of the population 便指「人口中的很大部分，众多人口」。

available 为形容词，指「可获得」。make sth available (to sb) 便指「让...能够获得...」。

文中made his drinks available even deep in the countryside 即「让他的饮料在农村偏远地区也买得到」。
我们在“人人影视”被判刑！《经济学人》如何报道？还讲过一个近义词：make sth accessible to sb 也是「让...能获得...」，大家顺便复习一下。

pricing 这里为不可数名词，指「定价」。low pricing即「低廉的定价」。

deep 这里是副词，指「在深处，至深处」，后面多跟副词或介词。
deep in the countryside 便指「深入农村偏远地区」。再举两个例子，大家熟悉一下deep的这个用法：
He stood with his hands deep in his pockets.
他双手深插在衣袋里站着。
He gazed deep into her eyes.
他深深凝视着她的眼睛。
They sat and talked deep into the night.他们坐着谈话，一直谈到深夜。

with sth 这里是「用」的意思。
怎么made his drinks available even deep in the countryside呢？作者用with引出方式：with aggressive distribution and low pricing 通过积极的分销和低廉的价格。

aggressive 很多同学一看到这个词，容易产生负面的印象。但在实际使用中，aggressive 多指正面的「有进取心的，有冲劲的，大刀阔斧」的意思，这里也是如此。

distribution 来自于动词distribute，指「分销，经销」。