如果卡尔·马克思变成鬼魂回归，他会不会像许多共产主义或社会主义指令型经济的前领导人一样——比起共产主义的缺点，更在意资本主义的缺点吗？到那时

If Karl Marx came back as a ghost, would he be like many other former leaders of communist/socialist command economies -- preferring the defects of capitalism over communism? Perhaps then he would seek out a 3rd way between the ideologies?

答主：Shayn M., PhD in Politics, Monash University (Graduated 2020)

Marx did not view communism (which he never saw attempted in his lifetime) as a “rival” to capitalism but as, a successor to capitalism. The entire history of 20th Century communism is about post-colonial or pre-capitalist countries seeking a non-capitalist path to development. It is more or less tangential to Marx’ theory.
马克思并没有把共产主义（其实在他一生中从未亲眼见过这种尝试）视为资本主义的“劲敌”，而是将其看作资本主义的继承者。整部20世纪共产主义运动的历史在讲的其实是后殖民地和前资本主义国家如何寻找一条不同于资本主义的发展道路。这或多或少偏离了马克思的理论。

If Marx were around today, he would be talking in terms of the original project. 20th Century communism was just a distraction- it is precisely now, when capitalism dominates the entire global economy, that Marx’ original theory is at its most pertinent.
如果马克思今天在我们身边，他一定会讨论他最初的课题。20世纪的共产主义只不过是一个干扰项——恰恰是现在，当资本主义主宰全球经济时，马克思的原始理论才最为相关。

Marx would be urging the workers of the world to unite and push the contradictions in capitalism towards rupture in order to move forward into socialism.
马克思将会极力促使全世界的工人联合起来并推动资本主义中的矛盾走向破裂，以使人类前进到社会主义。

If you read Marx’ work, it is actually quite clear and unambiguous what he would have to say today, even though the way capitalism has developed since his death at the end of the 19th Century would certainly surprise him.
如果你读过马克思的著作，他今天必须说的话其实是非常清楚、毫不含糊的，尽管自从19世纪末他去世之后资本主义的发展道路肯定会令他惊讶。

单词表

attempt v. （未完成难事而进行）努力尝试
rival n. 竞争对手
post- pref. 在……之后
more or less 或多或少
tangential adj. 离题的
in terms of 从……方面来说
project n. 课题
distraction n. 分散注意力的东西
precisely adv. 恰恰正是
pertinent adj. 有关的
urge v. 力劝
contradiction n. 矛盾
rupture v. 使破裂
unambiguous adj. 不含糊的

译自：https://qr.ae/pr5dYs

时间：2023年2月8日