超600万年轻人失业，985大学生也遇就业难？

一：A central problem, economists say, is that China isn’t creating enough of the high-wage, high-skill jobs that are sought after by its expanding base of educated young people, many of whom have loftier expectations than previous generations.

Rather than trade down for lower-wage jobs, many young people are opting to wait for more opportunities, even though such opportunities might not be available.

“China’s high youth unemployment rate is not transitory but structural,” said David Wang, chief China economist at Credit Suisse. “There is a mismatch in the skills the youth are trained to provide and the skills that existing jobs require.”

Chinese officials are trying several tactics to address the problem, including mandating that state-owned companies hire more graduates, while also prodding more young people to take up blue-collar work or move to the countryside.

Many young people, however, are uninterested in blue-collar jobs. And opportunities at state-owned enterprises remain in short supply, despite the government’s prodding.

Sun Yuexing, who is about to graduate from Beijing Foreign Studies University in less than two months, spent hours handing out résumés at a recent job fair in Beijing. She said she had lowered her salary expectations, but landed no offer yet.

“It’s sad to realize that I will be unemployed upon graduation,” said the 24-year old English major. “The competition is so fierce.”

二：
economists say 是一个主谓结构，在句中做插入语，指「经济学家说」。像这样的插入语一般放在句子的主语和谓语之间
句中 many of whom have loftier expectations than previous generations 是一个数量词+介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词educated young people
high-wage, high-skill jobs；当数字和名词用连字符连起来，合成一个形容词时，该名词要用单数。例如：the three-child policy； a 5-year-old girl ； a two-week trip wished-for, desired, coveted
seek after sth 指「追求，谋求」；be sought after by sb
sought-after adj.「广受欢迎的，吃香的」=wished-for, desired, coveted
expand 既可作及物动词，用作expand sth，也可作不及物动词，用作sth expands
lofty [ˈlɒfti]  本来是指 「巍峨的，高耸的」，形容高山、建筑，相当于 high，也可指抽象意义上的「高，崇高的」。文中loftier expectation 便表示「更高的期望」；set a lofty goal 设定宏伟的目标 lofty ambition 崇高的抱负
trade down trade作动词时是「交易」的意思，trade down，向下交易，本义是「降低消费，以优换次」，这里指向下找工作。
opt to do sth / opt for sth 指「选择做某事」

have no choice to do sth=have no option to do sth，表示「不得不做某事」
sth is not an option，表示「某事不是一种选择，绝不会考虑做某事」

the skills [the youth are trained to provide] 中，括号里是一个省略关系代词的定语从句，当关系代词which / that / whom在定语从句里作宾语的时候可以省略，上面这句话里关系代词that / which指代的the skills便是作定语从句里provide宾语。
transitory  [ˈtrænzɪtri] 为形容词，指「短暂的，一时的」(lasting for only a short time)，与transition（过渡）同根
structural [ˈstrʌktʃərəl] 是structure的形容词形式，指「结构性的」。
mismatch 指「错配，不匹配」。a mismatch between / in A and B 指「教育体系与雇主需求之间的错配」。
这里A = the skills the youth are trained to provide 年轻人学到的技能
B = the skills that existing jobs require 现有岗位要求的技能

tactic ['tæktɪk] 为可数名词，指「策略，手段，招数」
address 此处作动词，表示「处理，对付」；address sth, address oneself to sth。这里address the problem 便指「解决问题」。
The government is trying several tactics to do sth, including A, B and C.
mandate  [ˈmændeɪt]  为动词，指「命令，指示]
mandatory [ˈmandətəri] 为形容词，指「强制的，法定的，义务的」(required by law)，近义词为compulsory
prod 本义是指「戳」这个动作，引申为「督促，催促，鼓动」的意思。常见搭配为prod sb into doing sth, prod sb to do sth。
take up sth 拿起来，指「开始从事」新工作、「开始担当」新的责任

be in short supply 指「短缺」。be in desperately short supply强调「某事物极度短缺」

fair 这里为可数名词，指「集市」。这里 a job fair 便指「招聘会」
land 作动词，落地，指「拿到，谋得」，后面跟难得的工作、合约等等。
比如：land a job 找到工作 land an offer 拿到offer，更强调结果。
而find jobs, seeks job, hunt for jobs 指「找工作」，强调过程。
upon / on 这里的用法大家重点掌握，on sth / doing sth 这里指「一...就...，当...时候」。I will be unemployed upon graduation 便指「我一毕业就会失业」
fierce adj.「猛烈的，激烈的」= cut-throat

越来越多的受过教育的年轻人：expanding base of educated young people
有更高的预期：have loftier expectations
投简历：hand out résumés
降低薪资预期：lower sb's salary expectations