CNN：如何识别有家暴倾向的人？

These early red flags predict a partner’s likelihood to become abusive, study finds
Multiple early red flags can signal whether a new partner will become abusive, a new study has found.
red flags 红色旗子，喻指「预警，危险信号」。
likelihood [ˈlaɪklihʊd] 是likely的名词形式，指「可能性」。
abusive [əˈbjuːsɪv] 为形容词，指「虐待的」，来自于abuse。
multiple [ˈmʌltɪpl ̩]为形容词，指「多种多样的」。
signal 作名词，是「信号」的意思，signal 作动词，指「标志着，预示」。

# 01
In the early days of a relationship, being in the throes of passion can make someone chalk their new partner’s questionable behavior up to a bad day. And all too often, what a person dismisses as minor can snowball into abusive treatment that makes them feel desperate to leave the relationship — yet trapped because they’ve invested so much.
恋爱关系的初期，大家处于爱情的阵痛中，可能就会把新欢的可疑行为归咎于那天过得不好。很多时候，看似是小问题的事情会滚雪球一样发展成家暴，令人急切地想离开这段关系，但又因为投入太多而深陷泥沼。

throes本来是「困境，痛苦」的意思，in the throes of sth是个词组，表示「正忙于…，处于…困境之中」，相当于in the middle of sth, be busy doing sth。
但与这些词不同的是，in the throes of sth后面多跟困难的事。
chalk sth up to sth 指「把某事归因于…」
dismiss...as... 指「把...斥为...，对...不屑一提」(to decide that sb / sth is not important and not worth thinking or talking about)，用于表示否定，有点像我们常说的diss 某人。
as 后面既可以跟形容词，也可以跟名词。
minor 作形容词，是「小的，不重要的，不严重的」的意思。
snowball into sth便指「滚雪球一般发展成...」。
be desperate to do sth 指「急于做某事」。

# 02
This common scenario is why researchers from the University of Western Ontario in Canada aimed to find out whether there are indicators that reliably precede and predict intimate partner violence — physical, sexual or psychological violence enacted by people toward their romantic partners, according to a study published Monday in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science.

针对这种常见的情形，加拿大西安大略大学的研究人员旨在找出是否有可靠的信号可以预测亲密伴侣的暴力，不论是家暴、性暴力还是针对伴侣的心理暴力。这篇研究周一发表于《社会心理与人格科学》杂志。
scenario [sɪˈnɑːriəʊ] 为名词，指「设想，可能发生的情况」。the common scenario便指「常见的情形」。
最常见的搭配是：the worst-case scenario 指「可能出现的最差的情况」。
indicator [ˈɪn.dɪkeɪtər] 为indicate的名词形式，指「指示，标记，信号」，和前面的 a red flag互为同义替换。
precede [prɪˈsiːd]为动词，指「先于…」发生或存在，相当于before sth。
enact [ɪˈnækt] 作动词，指「实施...，把...付诸实践」，相当于put sth into practice。

# 03
“By the time that violence is happening, people are often invested in their relationships,” Charlot added. “Leaving can be difficult. So, my idea with this study was that if people were able to see red flags, warning signs, in advance of becoming invested, of moving in, of whatever — that might let them kind of take a minute to reevaluate the relationship, to proceed more cautiously, before that violence occurs.”
夏洛特说：“暴力发生时，人往往都已经对亲密关系大量投入，抽身离开可能很困难。因此，我对这项研究的想法是，如果人们能够在投入、同居或其他事情之前发现危险信号或预警信号，在家暴发生前，能让他们花点时间重新评估这段关系，谨慎地走下去。
proceed [prəʊ ˈsiːd]为动词，指「继续进行，继续做」。
cautiously为副词，指「谨慎地，小心地」。
reevaluate 为动词，由re+evaluate构成，指「重新考虑，再评估」

# 04
Early warning signs of domestic violence
家暴的早期预警信号

If you’re experiencing any of the following behaviors the study identified, you may be at risk for being abused later — especially if any of them are done repeatedly, or if you’re often seeing more than a few at a time, Charlot said:
如果您正在经历研究中发现的以下行为，你有可能后期会遭遇家暴。尤其是在以下行为反复出现，或多个行为同时出现时。
1. You and your partner have sex even though you’re not in the mood.
即便没有兴致，您也和伴侣发生性行为。
2. You feel like you can’t say no to your partner.
您感觉不能拒绝伴侣。
3. Your partner doesn’t admit when they’re wrong.
您的伴侣不承认自己的错误。
4. Your partner compares you to other people.
您的伴侣把你和其他人进行对比。
5. Your partner reacts negatively when you say no to something they want.
当您说了对方不想听的话，您的伴侣消极反应。
6. Your partner disregards your reasoning or logic when it doesn’t agree with theirs.
当与对方不一致时，您的伴侣对您的逻辑或推理置之不理。
7. You find it hard to focus on work because thoughts of your partner consume your mind.
伴侣占据了您的思维和大脑，以至于你无法集中在工作上。
8. Your partner creates uncomfortable situations in public.
您的伴侣在公众场合制造令人不适的情形。
9. Your partner acts arrogant or entitled.
您的伴侣行为傲慢自负或认为什么都是理所应当的。
10. Your partner tries to change you.
您的伴侣试图改变你。
11. Your partner is unsupportive of you.
伴侣不支持您。
12. Your partner criticizes you.
对方经常批评您。
13. Your partner has unrealistic expectations for your relationship.
对双方的关系有不切实际的期待。
14. Your partner avoids you.
您的伴侣回避您。
15. Your partner does something you asked them not to.
在您明确要求不做某事的情况下，对方偏偏要做。
16. Your partner threatens to leave you.
您的伴侣威胁要离开你。

in the mood (for sth) 指「有做某事的心情」
disregard 作动词，指「忽视，轻视，无视」
entitled 为形容词，指「有权做…的，为所欲为的，理所当然的」

# 05

“The warning signs you see in our lists were what were most important in each study, but that doesn’t mean that there are not other warning signs that are also important,” Charlot said.
夏洛特说：“清单中列出的预警信号是各项研究中得出的最重要的警告信号，但并不意味着就没有其他重要的预警信号了。”

Other common early red flags include a partner saying all their exes were crazy, being rude to waiters, harming animals or resisting getting to know your loved ones, Balan said. Coming from abusive households, discouraging hobbies that nurture you, being unable to soothe their own emotions or closely following what you’re doing online are other signs.
Balan说，其他常见的早期危险信号包括，伴侣说他们的前任都很疯狂、对服务员粗鲁、伤害小动物或拒绝认识你的亲人朋友。其他的危险信号包括，来自家暴的家庭、不鼓励你进行能从中获得疗愈的爱好、无法安抚自己的情绪、或密切跟踪你在网络上的一举一动。
soothe 为动词，指「抚慰，安抚」。sooth one's emotions 指「安抚某人的情绪」。

# 06
But “with all of this being said, (no victim) is to blame for their abuse,” Charlot said. “These warning signs are very much meant to inform people and give them help, but it’s not meant to allocate blame. And nobody should be responsible for their abuse, even if they notice a warning sign and don’t do something.”
夏洛特说：“话虽如此，不应该有受害者有罪论。这些预警信号很大程度上是为了提醒大家并提供帮助，而不是为了指责。家暴的受害者不应为此负责，即便受害者注意到了危险信号而没有采取行动。”
allocate [ˈæləkeɪt]  为动词，指「拨...，划分...，分配...」。allocate blame 指「划分责任」。