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I'm not a socialist, but what is wrong about the people/workers controlling the means of production?

答主：Shayn M., PhD in Politics, Monash University (Graduated 2020)

Nothing. On the contrary, it’s an excellent idea.
没有错在哪里。相反，他是一个非常棒的主意。

But I would say that, I am a socialist.
不过我会告诉你，我是个社会主义者。

In fact, most of the modern economy would be very easy to transfer to public ownership (technically, not politically). Corporations are owned by faceless conglomerates of stockholders. Governments could buy out the stock of these corporations and set up publicly-owned sovereign wealth funds that put the profit of these organisations back into society rather than into the pockets of investors.
实际上，绝大多数的现代经济要转换成公有制是非常容易的（从技术角度而非政治角度来说）。大公司的所有权在不具名的股东集团手中。政府可以购买这些大公司的股票，然后设立主权财富基金，将这些组织的收益返还给社会，而不是进入投资者的钱包。

Corporations would continue to operate to make profit but the clash of interests between stakeholders and shareholders would be effectively eliminated.
大公司可以继续运营以获取利润，但利益相关方和股东之间的冲突可以被高效地消除。

As a further benefit, using sovereign wealth funds to fund public services could eliminate most forms of taxation.
使用主权财富基金还有一个更深层次的优点，用它来投资公共服务可以消除绝大多数形式的税收制度。

In any case, there are many ways of institution public ownership and this makes a great deal of sense.
不论如何，机构公有制有很多种方式可以实现，而这非常有意义。

单词表

contrary n. 反面
faceless adj. 不知名的
conglomerate n. 企业集团
sovereign adj. 具有主权的
fund n. 基金
organisation n. =organization
rather than 而不是
investor n. 投资者
clash n. 冲突
interest n. 利益
stakeholder n. 利益相关者
shareholder n. 股东
eliminate v. 消除
taxation n. 税收制度
in any case 无论如何
institution n. 机构
sense n. 意义

译自：https://qr.ae/pr5dYs

时间：2023年1月15日

Are mainland Chinese the worst people on the planet?

答主：Ismail Bashmori

I've never heard from any foreigner who went to China and reported, It's awful here, the people are so cold, rude and racist, dark–skinned people are treated like vermin, the police are brutal, the government controls everything, the infrastructure's crap, everything’s unbelievably expensive, the propaganda and poverty are insane, blah blah.
我从未听说任何去中国的外国人回报说：那里太可怕了，人们都很冷漠、野蛮和种族歧视，黑皮肤的人像害虫一样被对待，警察十分野蛮，政府控制着一切，基础建设像一坨大便，一切都贵得难以置信，政治宣传和贫穷无比疯狂，诸如此类。

Let me know when you do!
当你要这样说的时候请通知我！

Those who go to China expecting some dark and miserable totalitarian Communist dystopia are always taken aback.
那些为看痛苦和黑暗的共产主义极权反乌托邦而去中国的通常都会大吃一惊。

For the few Americans I know who actually went to China, their journey either reversed their misconceptions and made them pro–China, or it became a decision to remain in the country forever. For at least one or two China–dwelling Americans I've seen here, their quality of life was so enhanced that they scoff at their past life in the US.
对于极少数我所知的真正去过中国的美国人来说，旅行要么扭转了他们的错误观点而使得他们亲中，要么成为他们决定永远留在这个国家的契机。我在这里看到至少有一到两个常住装过的美国人，他们生活的质量都得到提升，这让他们嘲笑自己过去在美国的生活。

Not least for the fact that in China even most cops can't have guns, while in the US any secretly psychotic freak can publicly lug around with him the means to kill hundreds of people in minutes.
更重要的是，在中国甚至大多数警察都没有枪，而在美国任何不为人知的神经病都可以公开拖着能在几分钟内杀死数百人的武器。

单词表

awful adj. 极坏的，令人极不愉快的
vermin n. 害虫
brutal adj. 野蛮的
infarastructure n. 基础设施
crap n. 屎；废物
insane adj. 疯狂的
miserable adj. 令人痛苦的
totalitarian adj. 极权主义的
dystopia n. 反乌托邦
be taken aback 大吃一惊
reverse v. 使反转
dwell v. 居住
scoff v. 嘲笑
not least 尤其是
cop n. 警察
psychotic adj. 精神病的
freak n. 怪人
lug v. 拖，拉

译自：https://qr.ae/pr5oW8

时间：2023年2月7日

Was Karl Marx a genius even if he was wrong on the big picture?

答主：Pedro Carvalho, Reader on the history of revolutionary movements

He was obviously highly intelligent and created an original, influential theory. I’d say he was actually right on the big picture, which is how capitalism creates problems for itself.
他显然非常聪明，并且创造了一套富有影响力的原创理论。我要说的是，他其实在大方向上是对的，因为他指出了资本主义是如何作茧自缚的。

People have the idea that Marx’s “big picture” was about how communism would triumph within a certain period of time. It wasn’t.
人们所谓的马克思的“大方向“指的是共产主义将如何在之后的一段时间内取得胜利。但其实不然。

The bulk of his work was a critique of capitalist society, a lot of which is incredibly accurate regardless of one’s particular political preferences.
他的著作中大部分是对于资本主义社会的批判，其中的大量内容，不论对持有何种政治倾向的人来说，都正确得令人难以置信。

Outside militant anti-leftist circles, a lot of non-communist and even non-leftist academics still use parts of his work and are influenced by it. He’s an important intelectual, not just some sort of propagandist for specific political ideas.
除激进的反左翼圈子外，许多反对共产主义甚至反对左翼观点的学者仍然运用了部分马克思的著作，并受其影响。他是一位重要的知识分子，而不只是某种特殊政治理念的鼓吹者。

单词表

the big picture 最重要的部分；全局
truimph n. 巨大成功
bulk n. 大部分
incredibly adv. 难以置信地
militant adj. 激进的
academic n. 学者
intellectual n. 知识分子
propagandist n. 鼓吹者

译自：https://qr.ae/pruzvC

时间：2022年12月5日

As a Russian citizen, I am afraid of Communist China invading Siberia in an attempt to seize Siberian oil fields. Unfortunately, my fellow citizens don't share this view. What do you think about this?

答主：Stepan Serdyuk, a Russian for life

I think, Aleksander Ivanov, that you are a fake account created by some Westerner - I call the continental US of A - to try and instigate a conflict between Russian and Chinese people through a deliberate disinformation campaign.
我想，Aleksander Ivanov，你是一个某些西方——比如A姓大陆上的某合众国——人士创建的虚假账号，为了通过一场蓄意的虚假情报战挑起俄罗斯人和中国人之间的冲突。

Teoretically, you may be on the payroll of CIA or the US military, but I’d assume that you’re the kind of a willing idiot who’d be doing this for free, fully believing that “sticking it to commies” is somehow “the right thing to do”.
从理论上讲，你可能在中央情报局或美军的工资单上，但我还是大胆推测你是那种心甘情愿免费打工的白痴，完全相信“虽然不知道为什么但是把一切贴在共产党身上就对了”。

See - a true Russian person likely would’ve written the name as “Aleksandr” and not as its English version, nor would it refer to China as “communist”, or otherwise use americanized terms and expressions like “my fellow citizens”.
看——一个真正的俄罗斯人应该倾向于名字写成“Aleksandr”而不是它的英语形式，也不会在提到中国时加上“共产”，此外也不会用“我的公民同胞”这种完全美国化的词语和表达。

You’re welcome, “Russian” bot.
你很棒！“俄罗斯”机器人。

单词表

seize v. 夺取
instigate v. 发起
deliberate adj. 蓄意的
disinformation n. 假情报
theoretical adv. 理论上的
payroll n. 工资单
assume v. 假定；臆断，想当然地认为
willing adj. 自愿的
stick v. 粘贴
somehow adv. 以某种方式；不知为什么
otherwise conj. 否则；此外

译自：https://qr.ae/pruAEO

时间：2022年12月8日

Why do socialists now never refer back to Venezuela as the stand out "Socialist economy" when championing socialism to the rest of us?

答主：Shayn M., PhD in Politics, Monash University

Because Venezuela never managed to reconstruct its economy along socialist lines and most of the economy was (and remains, to the extent it functions at all) capitalist.
因为委内瑞拉从未成功依照社会主义路线重建它的经济，而它绝大多数的经济是（在其运作范围内持续都是）资本主义的。

The government of Venezuela is ideologically socialist and, at least rhetorically, aspires to build a socialist economy, but they very pointedly never achieved even the fundamentals of this goal.
委内瑞拉政府在意识形态上——至少在字面上是社会主义的，也渴望建立一套社会主义经济，但显然连他们就连其最终目标的基本原则都从未抵达。

In fact, part of the reason things fell apart so badly was that the state was trying to force the capitalists to comply with their political agenda, which generated a massive capital strike.
实际上，事情土崩瓦解的原因之一在于这个国家试图强迫资本家遵守他们的政治议程，而这引发了一场大规模的资本罢工。

Venezuela is a good example of a bungled attempt to use left-wing populist methods to control capitalism rather than as an example of anything like socialism per se. Bolivarian socialism was ambitious in vision but weak and flawed in the execution.
委内瑞拉是一个很好的例子，他展现了一个国家在试图用左翼民粹主义而不是其他思潮（如社会主义本身）来控制资本主义时是怎样把事情搞砸的。玻利维亚的社会主义者们则有着雄心勃勃的远见，但执行起来却很有很多瑕疵。

单词表

champion n. 冠军 / v. 支持，捍卫
extend n.面积，范围，长度、
function v. 运转，工作
rhetorically adv. 修辞地，辞藻华丽地
aspire vi. 追求，渴望
pointedly adv. 显然地
fundamental adj. 基本的 / n. 基本原则
apart adv. 成碎片
fell apart 土崩瓦解
comply v. 服从，遵守
agenda n. 议程
generate v. 造成，引起
massitve adj. 巨大的，大量的
strike v. 罢工
bungle v. 把……搞砸
populist adj. 民粹主义的
method n. 方法，方式
per se adv. 自身，本身
vision n. （书）远见卓识
flawed adj. 有瑕疵的

译自：https://qr.ae/prMQYO

时间：2023年2月4日

一楼喂胖！